iconoclasm$37272$ - ترجمة إلى الهولندية
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iconoclasm$37272$ - ترجمة إلى الهولندية

DESTRUCTION OF RELIGIOUS IMAGES IN EUROPE IN THE 16TH CENTURY
Bildersturm; Iconoclastic Fury; Great Iconoclasm
  • An outdoor sermon (''The Preaching of St. John the Baptist'') depicted by [[Pieter Bruegel the Elder]], apparently in 1565, the year before the Beeldenstorm movement began.
  • The painting ''Beeldenstorm in een kerk'', painted by [[Dirck van Delen]] in 1630.
  • A later book illustration of the destruction in [[Antwerp]], 1727
  • date=2016-03-03 }}</ref>
  • A German [[woodcut]] of 1530 titled ''Klagrede der armen verfolgten Götzen und Tempelbilder'' (English: "Complaint of the poor persecuted idols and temple pictures") by [[Erhard Schön]].
  • 1681 illustration to [[Hugo de Groot]]'s history
  • Later depiction of the destruction of a wayside cross in [[Zurich]] in 1523.
  • The looting of the Churches of Lyon by Calvinists in 1562.
  • Protestant polemical print celebrating the destruction, 1566
  • Damaged reliefs in St Medarduskerk, [[Wervik]]
  • Blue: The spread of the Beeldenstorm in the Low Countries. Brown: the independent [[Prince-Bishopric of Liège]] (Luik).
  • Damaged relief statues in the [[Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht]].

iconoclasm      
n. het beeldenstormen, heilige huisjes omverschoppen

تعريف

iconoclasm

ويكيبيديا

Beeldenstorm

Beeldenstorm (pronounced [ˈbeːldə(n)ˌstɔr(ə)m]) in Dutch and Bildersturm [ˈbɪldɐˌʃtʊʁm] in German (roughly translatable from both languages as 'attack on the images or statues') are terms used for outbreaks of destruction of religious images that occurred in Europe in the 16th century, known in English as the Great Iconoclasm or Iconoclastic Fury. During these spates of iconoclasm, Catholic art and many forms of church fittings and decoration were destroyed in unofficial or mob actions by Calvinist Protestant crowds as part of the Protestant Reformation. Most of the destruction was of art in churches and public places.

The Dutch term usually specifically refers to the wave of disorderly attacks in the summer of 1566 that spread rapidly through the Low Countries from south to north. Similar outbreaks of iconoclasm took place in other parts of Europe, especially in Switzerland and the Holy Roman Empire in the period between 1522 and 1566, notably Zürich (in 1523), Copenhagen (1530), Münster (1534), Geneva (1535), and Augsburg (1537).

In England, there was both government-sponsored removal of images and also spontaneous attacks from 1535 onwards, and in Scotland from 1559. In France, there were several outbreaks as part of the Wars of Religion from 1560 onwards.